Xinjiang, the vast and diverse region in Northwest China, is a land of stunning landscapes and rich cultural tapestry. But beyond the breathtaking scenery, one of the most unforgettable aspects of visiting Xinjiang is undoubtedly the Uyghur Food. This unique cuisine, celebrated throughout China and increasingly gaining international attention, is a vibrant blend of Central Asian flavors, spices, and culinary traditions.
For travelers venturing into Xinjiang, understanding Uyghur food is key to fully immersing themselves in the local culture. While Xinjiang offers a variety of cuisines from different ethnic groups like Hui, Kazakh, and Han Chinese, it’s the Uyghur dishes that truly stand out and define the region’s gastronomic identity.
If you’re planning a culinary adventure in Xinjiang but feel overwhelmed by the choices, or simply want to know what the must-try Uyghur foods are, you’ve come to the right place. This guide will introduce you to ten essential Uyghur dishes that promise to tantalize your taste buds and leave you craving for more. From bustling bazaars to cozy restaurants, these culinary gems are readily available and offer an authentic taste of Xinjiang.
It’s important to acknowledge that the term “Xinjiang food” is sometimes used to encompass the broader regional cuisine, which includes influences from various ethnic groups. However, this guide focuses specifically on Uyghur food, recognizing its central role in shaping Xinjiang’s culinary landscape while respecting the distinct culinary contributions of all communities in the region.
Top 10 Must-Try Uyghur Foods in Xinjiang
Embark on a flavorful journey through Xinjiang with these ten Uyghur food recommendations. Each dish offers a unique glimpse into the rich culinary heritage of the Uyghur people, promising an unforgettable gastronomic experience during your travels. While personal preferences vary, trying each of these dishes at least once will provide you with a comprehensive and delicious overview of Uyghur cuisine.
1. Uyghur Polo / Pilaf
Known as “Polo” in Uyghur and “抓饭” (Zhuāfàn) in Chinese, this dish is Central Asia’s beloved rice pilaf, and in Xinjiang, it reigns supreme. Uyghur Polo is arguably the most iconic and popular dish in the region. It’s a flavorful and hearty combination of rice, succulent lamb, and sweet carrots, slow-cooked to perfection in oil, often with the addition of raisins or chickpeas for extra texture and sweetness.
The magic of Uyghur Polo lies in its simplicity and the way the flavors meld together during the slow cooking process. The lamb becomes incredibly tender, infusing the rice with its rich flavor, while the carrots soften and sweeten, creating a delightful balance. You can easily order this dish by simply saying “Polo” in most eateries. Whether enjoyed at a formal restaurant or a bustling street food stall, Uyghur Polo is an absolute must-try.
2. Uyghur Laghman / Hui BanMian
Noodles are a staple across China, and Xinjiang is no exception. Uyghur Laghman, also known as “拌面” (Bànmiàn) in Chinese and sharing similarities with Hui BanMian, is a testament to the region’s noodle mastery. This dish features hand-pulled noodles, known for their chewy texture and satisfying bite, generously topped with a flavorful sauce.
The sauce in Uyghur Laghman is a culinary masterpiece in itself, typically consisting of stir-fried meat (usually beef or lamb), vegetables like peppers, onions, and tomatoes, all simmered in a rich and savory, often slightly spicy, gravy. The noodles are perfectly cooked and then drenched in this flavorful concoction, creating a harmonious blend of textures and tastes. Whether you call it Uyghur Laghman or BanMian, this noodle dish is a Xinjiang staple you can’t miss.
3. Lamb Kebabs
No exploration of Uyghur food is complete without indulging in their world-famous lamb kebabs. These aren’t just any kebabs; Uyghur lamb kebabs are renowned for their exceptional flavor and tenderness, thanks to the high quality of local lamb and a unique spice blend.
The secret to the incredible taste of Uyghur kebabs lies in the generous use of cumin and pepper in their spice mixture, creating an aromatic and slightly spicy crust on the perfectly grilled lamb. The grilling process, often over charcoal, imparts a smoky flavor that further enhances the meat’s natural richness. Walking through any Xinjiang bazaar, you’ll be enticed by the smoky aroma of grilling kebabs, a truly irresistible Uyghur food experience.
4. Uyghur Bread
Bread is a fundamental part of the Uyghur diet, and the variety and artistry of Uyghur bread are remarkable. From flatbreads to thick, bagel-like varieties, Uyghur bread comes in numerous shapes, sizes, and textures, each with its own unique character.
Often baked in traditional tandoor ovens, Uyghur bread boasts a distinctive smoky flavor and a satisfyingly chewy texture. It’s a staple accompaniment to almost every meal and is also enjoyed on its own as a snack. Learning about the process of making Uyghur bread is a cultural experience in itself, revealing the deep connection between food and daily life in Uyghur communities.
5. Uyghur Ice Cream
For a refreshing treat, especially during Xinjiang’s hot summers, Uyghur Ice Cream is a must-try. Locally known and affectionately called “Maruzna,” this ice cream is different from traditional Western ice cream but equally delightful and unique to Uyghur food culture.
Uyghur Ice Cream often has a slightly coarser texture and a less creamy consistency compared to typical ice cream. It’s frequently flavored with local fruits and ingredients, offering unique and refreshing tastes. Served from street carts, it’s an affordable and perfect way to cool down and experience a local Uyghur food specialty.
6. Samsa | Kao Baozi
Uyghur Samsa, also known as “Kao Baozi” (烤包子) in Chinese, can be described as a savory baked pastry, often likened to a “grilled Hot Pocket.” These delicious pockets are filled with a flavorful mixture of spiced lamb meat and onions, encased in a flaky breading and baked until golden brown and crispy.
Uyghur Samsa is a popular snack and street food item, perfect for a quick bite or a satisfying meal on the go. While it can be a bit oily, as is characteristic of many Uyghur foods, the rich flavor and satisfying texture make it a truly enjoyable treat. They are also excellent for taking along on bus or train journeys as a convenient and tasty snack.
7. DaPanJi / “Big Plate Chicken”
While often mistakenly attributed solely to Uyghur food, DaPanJi, or “大盘鸡” (Dàpánjī) in Chinese, which translates to “Big Plate Chicken,” is actually a signature dish of the Hui cuisine, another prominent Muslim ethnic group in Xinjiang. However, it’s become incredibly popular throughout Xinjiang and is an integral part of the region’s culinary scene.
DaPanJi lives up to its name – it’s a generous serving of an entire chicken, chopped into pieces and cooked with potatoes, onions, bell peppers, and a medley of spices in a rich, savory sauce. Typically served on a large platter, it’s designed for sharing and is best enjoyed with wide, hand-pulled noodles or slices of Uyghur flatbread (like those mentioned in #4) to soak up the delicious sauce. DaPanJi is a hearty and flavorful dish that’s a must-try when exploring Xinjiang’s diverse culinary offerings.
8. Stuffed Lamb Intestine
For the adventurous eater, Uyghur stuffed lamb intestine is a unique and surprisingly delicious delicacy. This traditional Uyghur food involves a mixture of rice and seasoned lamb meat carefully stuffed into lamb intestine.
Often served alongside lamb lung, Uyghur stuffed lamb intestine may sound unusual, but it offers a distinctive and savory flavor profile. It’s a testament to the Uyghur’s resourcefulness and culinary creativity, utilizing every part of the animal. Don’t be afraid to step outside your comfort zone and try this authentic Uyghur food experience.
9. Uyghur Matang | Nut Snack
Uyghur Matang is a popular nut snack often sold by street vendors throughout Xinjiang, particularly Uyghur vendors. This energy-boosting treat is made from a variety of nuts like walnuts, almonds, and sometimes dried fruits, bound together with a sweet, chewy syrup.
Uyghur Matang is known for its dense and chewy texture and is a convenient and portable snack, making it ideal for travelers on the go. It’s often purchased by the slice and comes in various nut combinations, offering a sweet and satisfying taste of Uyghur food culture.
10. Xinjiang Fruits
While not a cooked dish, the fruits of Xinjiang deserve a prominent place in any discussion of Uyghur food. Xinjiang is renowned throughout China for its exceptional quality and variety of fruits, thanks to its unique climate and fertile land. In fact, Xinjiang residents consume more fruit per capita than any other region in China.
Each region within Xinjiang boasts its own fruit specialties. From the sweet and juicy Hami melons to the sun-dried grapes of Turpan and the crisp Korla pears, the fruits of Xinjiang are a true delight. Be sure to sample the local seasonal fruits during your visit – they are an integral and delicious part of the Uyghur food experience.
Conclusion: A Culinary Journey Through Uyghur Food
This list offers just a starting point for your exploration of the incredible world of Uyghur food. Xinjiang’s cuisine is rich, diverse, and deeply intertwined with the culture and history of the Uyghur people. From hearty main courses like Polo and Laghman to flavorful snacks like Samsa and Matang, and the abundance of fresh fruits, Uyghur food offers a culinary adventure unlike any other.
Venturing beyond this top 10 list will undoubtedly reveal even more hidden culinary gems. So, be sure to ask locals for recommendations, explore bustling bazaars, and step into local restaurants to fully immerse yourself in the authentic tastes of Uyghur food and Xinjiang cuisine. Your taste buds will thank you for this delicious journey!
