Canned food is a staple in many pantries, offering a convenient, versatile, and affordable way to store and consume food safely. From protein-rich tuna to delicious tomatoes, canned goods are essential for well-stocked kitchens, providing ingredients for emergencies and quick meals. But a common question arises: Can You Use Canned Food After The Expiration Date?
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Understanding Dates on Canned Foods
It’s important to understand that the dates on canned goods primarily indicate quality, not safety. Mitzi Baum, MSc, food safety instructor at Michigan State University and CEO of STOP Foodborne Illness, explains that canned foods may have various dates, including the manufacturing date, facility information, lot code, and “use by” or “sell by” date.
The “use by” and “sell by” dates typically reflect the manufacturer’s guarantee of peak flavor and freshness. Baum notes that after these dates, the manufacturer cannot assure the product will be at its tastiest, but it doesn’t necessarily mean it’s unsafe to consume.
How Long Does Canned Food Really Last?
According to Bryan Quoc Le, Ph.D., a food scientist and author, canned food can last indefinitely, even years beyond the date on the label. However, the quality will vary depending on the type of food. High-acid foods, such as tomatoes and other canned fruits, generally maintain their quality for about 18 months after the “use by” or “sell by” date. Low-acid foods, including meats, beans, and vegetables, can remain at their peak quality for two to five years.
When to Discard Canned Food: Key Warning Signs
While canned foods have a long shelf life, maintaining their condition is crucial. The state of the can significantly impacts the safety of its contents. Regular assessment of physical signs can help determine if the food is safe to eat. Watch out for the following:
- Dents: The USDA advises against consuming food from cans that are leaking, bulging, severely dented, punctured, or rusted. Dents can compromise the can’s seal, allowing bacteria to enter.
- Rust: Light surface rust isn’t necessarily a concern. According to Baum, if you can wipe the rust off with a wet cloth, the food inside is likely safe. However, extensive rust that can’t be removed indicates the can should be discarded. Consult the Packaged and Canned Food Defect Guideline by the Association of Food and Drug Officials for visual guidance.
- Unusual Smells: Any canned food that emits a foul odor or spurts liquid upon opening should be thrown away immediately. These are clear indicators of spoilage.
The Risk of Botulism
Deformations in cans can create microscopic openings, allowing small amounts of oxygen to enter. This creates an environment where Clostridium botulinum spores can thrive, leading to the production of botulinum toxin, explains Le. Even small amounts of oxygen can enable Clostridium botulinum to release this toxin, which causes botulism, a rare but severe illness affecting the body’s nerves.
Proper Storage of Canned Food
Proper storage is essential to keep your canned food in good condition. Le recommends storing canned goods in a cool, dry place. Warm and humid environments can accelerate damage and rusting. Avoid storing cans under the sink, above the stove, or in damp basements, as advised by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Canned goods should also be protected from extreme temperatures, which can increase the risk of spoilage or even cause the cans to rupture.
Home-Canned Goods: What to Consider
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If processed correctly, home-canned goods can last for years, according to Baum. Over time, the product’s quality and nutritional value will gradually decrease, but it will remain safe to eat. However, if the lid on a home-canned item pops or bulges, discard it immediately. This indicates that bacteria not killed during processing have grown and released gases, causing the lid to pop or expand.
Final Thoughts: Using Canned Foods Safely
While canned foods can often be used safely after their expiration dates, it’s essential to exercise caution and carefully inspect the cans before consumption. Look for signs of damage, such as dents, rust, or swelling. Trust your senses: discard any can that emits an unusual odor or spurts liquid. By following these guidelines and practicing proper storage, you can safely enjoy the convenience and versatility of canned foods.
