What Foods Help Reduce Belly Fat? Discover a wide array of delicious and effective foods that can assist you in your journey to a slimmer waistline, supported by insights from FOODS.EDU.VN. Integrating these foods into a balanced diet, combined with regular exercise, can lead to noticeable improvements in reducing abdominal fat and promoting overall health, with sustainable results and easy to incorporate dietary changes.
1. Understanding Belly Fat and Its Impact
Belly fat, particularly visceral fat, is a type of fat that accumulates around the abdominal organs and is associated with various health risks. It’s essential to understand the different types of belly fat and their potential impact on your health.
1.1 Types of Belly Fat: Subcutaneous vs. Visceral
There are two main types of belly fat: subcutaneous and visceral. Subcutaneous fat lies just beneath the skin, while visceral fat is located deep within the abdominal cavity, surrounding the organs. Visceral fat is more dangerous because it’s linked to increased inflammation and a higher risk of chronic diseases. According to a study published in the “Journal of the American College of Cardiology,” visceral fat is a strong predictor of cardiovascular events.
1.2 Health Risks Associated with Excess Belly Fat
Excess belly fat, especially visceral fat, is associated with several health risks, including:
- Type 2 Diabetes: Visceral fat can interfere with insulin signaling, leading to insulin resistance and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes.
- Heart Disease: High levels of visceral fat are linked to elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels, increasing the risk of heart disease.
- Certain Cancers: Studies have shown a correlation between excess belly fat and an increased risk of certain cancers, such as colorectal and breast cancer.
- Metabolic Syndrome: Visceral fat is a key component of metabolic syndrome, a cluster of conditions that increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.
- Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Excess belly fat can contribute to the development of NAFLD, a condition in which fat accumulates in the liver, potentially leading to liver damage.
Understanding these risks can motivate you to take proactive steps to reduce belly fat and improve your overall health. Explore more about the health impacts of different foods at FOODS.EDU.VN.
2. The Role of Diet in Reducing Belly Fat
Diet plays a crucial role in reducing belly fat. Consuming a balanced diet rich in whole foods, lean protein, healthy fats, and fiber can help you shed those extra pounds around your midsection.
2.1 Key Dietary Principles for Belly Fat Reduction
Here are some key dietary principles to follow for effective belly fat reduction:
- Calorie Deficit: Consume fewer calories than you burn to promote weight loss. A moderate calorie deficit of 500-750 calories per day is generally recommended.
- Prioritize Whole Foods: Focus on whole, unprocessed foods like fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains. These foods are nutrient-dense and lower in calories.
- Limit Processed Foods: Reduce your intake of processed foods, sugary drinks, and unhealthy fats. These foods are often high in calories and low in essential nutrients.
- Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day to help you feel full and support your metabolism.
- Eat Regularly: Avoid skipping meals, as this can lead to overeating later. Aim to eat balanced meals and snacks every 3-4 hours.
2.2 The Importance of Macronutrient Balance
Balancing your macronutrient intake (protein, carbohydrates, and fats) is essential for belly fat reduction. Here’s how each macronutrient can contribute to your weight loss goals:
- Protein: Protein is crucial for building and preserving muscle mass. It also helps you feel fuller for longer, reducing overall calorie intake. Aim for 0.8-1 gram of protein per pound of body weight.
- Carbohydrates: Choose complex carbohydrates like whole grains, fruits, and vegetables over refined carbs. Complex carbs provide sustained energy and fiber.
- Fats: Incorporate healthy fats like monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats from sources like avocados, nuts, seeds, and olive oil. These fats support hormone production and overall health.
3. Top Foods to Help Reduce Belly Fat
Certain foods have been shown to be particularly effective at reducing belly fat. Incorporating these foods into your diet can help you achieve your weight loss goals.
3.1 High-Fiber Foods
High-fiber foods are excellent for reducing belly fat because they promote satiety, regulate blood sugar levels, and support healthy digestion.
3.1.1 Oats
Oats are a great source of soluble fiber, which can help lower cholesterol levels and reduce belly fat. A study in the “Journal of the American College of Nutrition” found that participants who consumed oats regularly had lower BMI and waist circumference.
3.1.2 Apples
Apples are rich in fiber and antioxidants. They are low in calories and can help you feel full, making them a great snack for weight loss.
3.1.3 Berries
Berries like blueberries, strawberries, and raspberries are packed with fiber and antioxidants. They can help reduce inflammation and promote fat loss.
Table: Nutritional Benefits of Berries
Berry Type | Fiber (per 100g) | Antioxidants |
---|---|---|
Blueberries | 2.4g | High |
Strawberries | 2g | High |
Raspberries | 6.5g | High |
3.2 Lean Proteins
Lean proteins are essential for building muscle and promoting satiety, which can help reduce overall calorie intake and belly fat.
3.2.1 Chicken Breast
Chicken breast is a great source of lean protein and is low in calories. It can be incorporated into a variety of meals to support weight loss.
3.2.2 Fish (Salmon, Tuna)
Fatty fish like salmon and tuna are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which have been shown to reduce inflammation and promote fat loss. A study in the “American Journal of Clinical Nutrition” found that omega-3 fatty acids can help reduce visceral fat.
3.2.3 Greek Yogurt
Greek yogurt is high in protein and low in calories. It can help you feel full and is a great option for breakfast or a snack.
3.3 Healthy Fats
Healthy fats are important for hormone production, nutrient absorption, and overall health. They can also help you feel full and reduce cravings.
3.3.1 Avocados
Avocados are rich in monounsaturated fats, which have been shown to reduce belly fat. They are also a good source of fiber and nutrients.
3.3.2 Nuts and Seeds
Nuts and seeds like almonds, walnuts, chia seeds, and flaxseeds are packed with healthy fats, fiber, and protein. They can help you feel full and support weight loss.
3.3.3 Olive Oil
Olive oil is a great source of monounsaturated fats and antioxidants. It can help reduce inflammation and promote fat loss. Use it for cooking or as a salad dressing.
3.4 Vegetables
Vegetables are low in calories and high in fiber, vitamins, and minerals. They are an essential part of a healthy diet for belly fat reduction.
3.4.1 Leafy Greens (Spinach, Kale)
Leafy greens are packed with nutrients and fiber. They are low in calories and can help you feel full.
3.4.2 Broccoli
Broccoli is a cruciferous vegetable that is rich in fiber and nutrients. It can help reduce inflammation and support weight loss.
3.4.3 Bell Peppers
Bell peppers are low in calories and high in vitamins and antioxidants. They can be added to a variety of dishes to boost nutrient intake.
4. Meal Planning and Recipes for Belly Fat Reduction
To effectively reduce belly fat, it’s essential to plan your meals and incorporate the right foods into your diet.
4.1 Sample Meal Plan
Here’s a sample meal plan that incorporates foods known to help reduce belly fat:
- Breakfast: Oatmeal with berries and nuts
- Lunch: Grilled chicken salad with mixed greens, avocado, and olive oil dressing
- Snack: Greek yogurt with a handful of almonds
- Dinner: Baked salmon with roasted broccoli and quinoa
4.2 Recipes to Try
Here are some delicious and easy-to-make recipes that can help you reduce belly fat:
4.2.1 Quinoa Salad with Roasted Vegetables
Ingredients:
- 1 cup quinoa
- 2 cups water
- 1 cup chopped broccoli
- 1 cup chopped bell peppers
- 1/2 cup chopped red onion
- 2 tablespoons olive oil
- Salt and pepper to taste
Instructions:
- Cook quinoa according to package instructions.
- Roast vegetables with olive oil, salt, and pepper at 400°F (200°C) for 20 minutes.
- Combine cooked quinoa and roasted vegetables in a bowl.
- Serve warm or cold.
4.2.2 Avocado and Egg Toast
Ingredients:
- 2 slices whole-grain toast
- 1 avocado, mashed
- 2 eggs
- Salt and pepper to taste
Instructions:
- Toast bread slices.
- Spread mashed avocado on toast.
- Fry or poach eggs.
- Place eggs on top of avocado toast.
- Season with salt and pepper.
4.3 Tips for Healthy Snacking
Snacking can be a great way to keep your metabolism going and prevent overeating at meals. Here are some healthy snack options:
- A handful of nuts and seeds
- Greek yogurt with berries
- Apple slices with almond butter
- Hard-boiled eggs
5. Lifestyle Factors That Support Belly Fat Reduction
In addition to diet, certain lifestyle factors can significantly impact your ability to reduce belly fat.
5.1 Exercise: Cardio and Strength Training
Regular exercise is essential for burning calories and reducing belly fat. Both cardiovascular exercise and strength training can be effective.
5.1.1 Cardiovascular Exercise
Cardiovascular exercise, such as running, swimming, and cycling, can help you burn calories and reduce overall body fat. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity cardio per week.
5.1.2 Strength Training
Strength training can help you build muscle mass, which increases your metabolism and helps you burn more calories at rest. Aim for strength training exercises at least two days per week.
5.2 Stress Management
Chronic stress can lead to increased cortisol levels, which can promote the accumulation of belly fat. Managing stress through techniques like meditation, yoga, and deep breathing can help reduce cortisol levels and support weight loss.
5.3 Adequate Sleep
Lack of sleep can disrupt hormone levels and increase cravings for unhealthy foods, leading to weight gain. Aim for 7-8 hours of quality sleep per night to support your weight loss goals.
5.4 Hydration
Drinking plenty of water throughout the day can help you feel full, support your metabolism, and reduce cravings for sugary drinks.
6. Debunking Common Myths About Belly Fat
There are many myths surrounding belly fat reduction. Understanding the truth can help you make informed decisions and avoid ineffective strategies.
6.1 Myth: You Can Spot Reduce Belly Fat
Fact: Spot reduction, the idea that you can target fat loss in a specific area of your body, is a myth. When you lose weight, you lose fat from all over your body, not just your belly.
6.2 Myth: All Carbs Are Bad for Belly Fat
Fact: Not all carbs are bad for belly fat. Complex carbohydrates like whole grains, fruits, and vegetables are a good source of fiber and nutrients. It’s refined carbs like white bread, pastries, and sugary drinks that can contribute to belly fat.
6.3 Myth: Fasting Is the Best Way to Lose Belly Fat
Fact: While intermittent fasting can be an effective weight loss strategy for some people, it’s not the best approach for everyone. It’s important to find a sustainable eating pattern that works for you and fits your lifestyle.
7. The Role of Probiotics and Gut Health
Gut health plays a significant role in weight management. Probiotics, beneficial bacteria that live in your gut, can help improve digestion, reduce inflammation, and support weight loss.
7.1 How Probiotics Can Help Reduce Belly Fat
Probiotics can help reduce belly fat by:
- Improving Digestion: Probiotics can help break down food and improve nutrient absorption, which can reduce bloating and promote healthy digestion.
- Reducing Inflammation: Probiotics can help reduce inflammation in the gut, which is linked to weight gain and chronic diseases.
- Supporting Weight Loss: Some studies have shown that certain strains of probiotics can help reduce body weight and belly fat.
7.2 Best Probiotic-Rich Foods
Here are some of the best probiotic-rich foods to include in your diet:
- Yogurt
- Kefir
- Sauerkraut
- Kimchi
- Kombucha
8. Supplements That May Aid in Belly Fat Reduction
While a healthy diet and lifestyle are the most effective ways to reduce belly fat, certain supplements may provide additional support.
8.1 Green Tea Extract
Green tea extract is rich in antioxidants and has been shown to boost metabolism and promote fat loss.
8.2 Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA)
CLA is a type of fatty acid that has been shown to reduce body fat and increase muscle mass in some studies.
8.3 Protein Powders
Protein powders can help you meet your protein needs and promote satiety, which can support weight loss.
Note: It’s important to talk to your doctor before taking any supplements, especially if you have any underlying health conditions.
9. Monitoring Your Progress and Staying Motivated
Tracking your progress and staying motivated are essential for long-term success.
9.1 How to Track Your Progress
Here are some ways to track your progress:
- Weigh Yourself Regularly: Weigh yourself once a week to monitor your weight loss.
- Measure Your Waist Circumference: Measure your waist circumference to track changes in belly fat.
- Take Progress Photos: Take photos of yourself every few weeks to visually track your progress.
- Keep a Food Journal: Keep a food journal to track your calorie intake and macronutrient balance.
9.2 Tips for Staying Motivated
Here are some tips for staying motivated:
- Set Realistic Goals: Set achievable goals to avoid feeling overwhelmed.
- Find a Support System: Connect with friends, family, or a support group to stay motivated.
- Reward Yourself: Celebrate your successes with non-food rewards.
- Focus on the Benefits: Remind yourself of the health benefits of reducing belly fat.
10. Expert Tips and Recommendations from FOODS.EDU.VN
At FOODS.EDU.VN, we believe that reducing belly fat is about more than just dieting; it’s about adopting a sustainable, healthy lifestyle. Here are some expert tips and recommendations to help you succeed:
10.1 Focus on Long-Term Sustainability
Avoid fad diets and quick fixes. Instead, focus on making sustainable changes to your diet and lifestyle that you can maintain for the long term.
10.2 Be Patient and Consistent
Reducing belly fat takes time and effort. Be patient with yourself, and stay consistent with your healthy habits.
10.3 Seek Professional Guidance
If you’re struggling to reduce belly fat on your own, consider seeking guidance from a registered dietitian or certified personal trainer. They can provide personalized recommendations and support.
10.4 Join the FOODS.EDU.VN Community
Connect with other like-minded individuals on FOODS.EDU.VN to share tips, recipes, and support. Together, we can achieve our health and wellness goals.
Visit FOODS.EDU.VN for more in-depth articles, recipes, and expert advice on reducing belly fat and improving your overall health. We are committed to providing you with the knowledge and resources you need to succeed.
11. Integrating Mindful Eating Practices
Mindful eating is a powerful tool in the fight against belly fat. It involves paying attention to your food, your body’s hunger cues, and the overall eating experience.
11.1 What is Mindful Eating?
Mindful eating is about being fully present while you eat, noticing the colors, smells, flavors, and textures of your food. It’s also about recognizing your body’s hunger and fullness signals.
11.2 Benefits of Mindful Eating for Belly Fat Reduction
Mindful eating can help reduce belly fat by:
- Reducing Overeating: By paying attention to your body’s hunger cues, you’re less likely to overeat.
- Increasing Awareness of Food Choices: Mindful eating encourages you to make healthier food choices.
- Promoting Satiety: Eating slowly and mindfully can help you feel fuller and more satisfied with your meals.
11.3 Tips for Practicing Mindful Eating
Here are some tips for practicing mindful eating:
- Eat Slowly: Take small bites and chew your food thoroughly.
- Eliminate Distractions: Turn off the TV and put away your phone while you eat.
- Pay Attention to Your Senses: Notice the colors, smells, flavors, and textures of your food.
- Listen to Your Body: Eat when you’re hungry and stop when you’re full.
- Practice Gratitude: Take a moment to appreciate your food and the effort that went into preparing it.
12. Addressing Hormonal Imbalances
Hormonal imbalances can play a significant role in belly fat accumulation. Addressing these imbalances can be crucial for effective weight loss.
12.1 Common Hormonal Imbalances That Contribute to Belly Fat
- High Cortisol Levels: Chronic stress can lead to elevated cortisol levels, which can promote belly fat storage.
- Low Testosterone Levels: Low testosterone levels in men can lead to increased belly fat and reduced muscle mass.
- Estrogen Imbalances: Estrogen imbalances in women, especially during menopause, can contribute to belly fat accumulation.
- Insulin Resistance: Insulin resistance can lead to elevated blood sugar levels and increased fat storage.
12.2 Strategies for Balancing Hormones
- Manage Stress: Practice stress-reducing techniques like meditation, yoga, and deep breathing.
- Get Enough Sleep: Aim for 7-8 hours of quality sleep per night.
- Eat a Balanced Diet: Focus on whole foods, lean proteins, healthy fats, and fiber.
- Exercise Regularly: Engage in both cardiovascular exercise and strength training.
- Consider Medical Intervention: If you suspect a hormonal imbalance, talk to your doctor about testing and treatment options.
13. Navigating Social Situations and Eating Out
Social situations and eating out can be challenging when you’re trying to reduce belly fat. With a little planning and mindful decision-making, you can stay on track with your goals.
13.1 Tips for Eating Out Without Sabotaging Your Goals
- Plan Ahead: Look at the menu online before you go and decide what you’re going to order.
- Choose Healthy Options: Opt for grilled or baked dishes over fried foods.
- Watch Portion Sizes: Order smaller portions or share a dish with a friend.
- Ask for Modifications: Don’t be afraid to ask for modifications, such as extra vegetables or dressing on the side.
- Limit Alcohol: Alcoholic beverages are often high in calories and can sabotage your weight loss efforts.
13.2 Strategies for Social Gatherings
- Offer to Bring a Healthy Dish: This way, you’ll have at least one healthy option to choose from.
- Focus on Connecting with People: Shift your focus from the food to the social aspect of the gathering.
- Be Mindful of Your Choices: Allow yourself to enjoy treats in moderation, but be mindful of your overall calorie intake.
- Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water to help you feel full and avoid overeating.
14. The Importance of Patience and Consistency
Reducing belly fat is a journey, not a destination. It’s important to be patient with yourself and stay consistent with your healthy habits.
14.1 Understanding Realistic Timelines
It’s important to have realistic expectations about how long it will take to reduce belly fat. Sustainable weight loss typically occurs at a rate of 1-2 pounds per week.
14.2 Overcoming Setbacks
Setbacks are a normal part of any weight loss journey. Don’t let a slip-up derail your progress. Simply get back on track with your healthy habits as soon as possible.
14.3 Celebrating Successes
Acknowledge and celebrate your successes along the way. This will help you stay motivated and committed to your goals.
15. Staying Informed with FOODS.EDU.VN
FOODS.EDU.VN is your go-to resource for the latest information on healthy eating, weight loss, and overall wellness.
15.1 Exploring Additional Resources on FOODS.EDU.VN
Visit FOODS.EDU.VN to find:
- In-depth articles on various health and nutrition topics
- Delicious and healthy recipes
- Expert advice from registered dietitians and certified personal trainers
- A supportive community of like-minded individuals
15.2 Joining the FOODS.EDU.VN Community
Connect with us on social media and join our email list to stay up-to-date on the latest news and information.
Reducing belly fat is achievable with the right knowledge, tools, and support. Trust FOODS.EDU.VN to guide you on your journey to a healthier, happier you.
Remember, the journey to reduce belly fat is a marathon, not a sprint. Embrace the process, stay consistent, and celebrate your progress along the way. With the right approach, you can achieve your goals and enjoy a healthier, more vibrant life.
For more expert advice and resources, visit FOODS.EDU.VN. Our team of nutritionists and health experts is dedicated to providing you with the latest information and support to help you achieve your health and wellness goals.
Address: 1946 Campus Dr, Hyde Park, NY 12538, United States
WhatsApp: +1 845-452-9600
Website: FOODS.EDU.VN
What are you waiting for? Start your journey to a healthier you today with FOODS.EDU.VN!
FAQ: Your Questions Answered About Reducing Belly Fat
1. What are the most effective foods to include in my diet to reduce belly fat?
The most effective foods to reduce belly fat include high-fiber options like oats, apples, and berries, which promote satiety and regulate blood sugar; lean proteins such as chicken breast, fish (salmon, tuna), and Greek yogurt, essential for building muscle and reducing overall calorie intake; healthy fats from avocados, nuts, seeds, and olive oil, vital for hormone production and reducing cravings; and vegetables like leafy greens, broccoli, and bell peppers, which are low in calories and rich in nutrients. According to a study in the “American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,” incorporating these foods can lead to a significant reduction in visceral fat.
2. How does fiber contribute to reducing belly fat, and what are the best sources?
Fiber contributes significantly to reducing belly fat by promoting satiety, regulating blood sugar levels, and supporting healthy digestion. Soluble fiber, in particular, helps lower cholesterol levels and reduce belly fat. Excellent sources of fiber include oats, apples, berries (blueberries, strawberries, raspberries), leafy greens, and cruciferous vegetables like broccoli. A study in the “Journal of the American College of Nutrition” found that regular consumption of fiber-rich foods is associated with lower BMI and waist circumference.
3. Can healthy fats really help reduce belly fat, and if so, which types are most beneficial?
Yes, healthy fats can indeed help reduce belly fat by supporting hormone production, nutrient absorption, and overall health. Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats are most beneficial. Avocados, rich in monounsaturated fats, have been shown to reduce belly fat. Nuts and seeds like almonds, walnuts, chia seeds, and flaxseeds provide healthy fats, fiber, and protein. Olive oil, a great source of monounsaturated fats and antioxidants, can reduce inflammation and promote fat loss. Incorporating these fats into your diet can help you feel full and reduce cravings.
4. What role does lean protein play in reducing belly fat, and what are some easy ways to incorporate it into meals?
Lean protein plays a crucial role in reducing belly fat by building and preserving muscle mass and promoting satiety, which reduces overall calorie intake. Incorporating lean protein into meals is easy with options like chicken breast, which can be grilled, baked, or added to salads; fatty fish like salmon and tuna, rich in omega-3 fatty acids; and Greek yogurt, a high-protein, low-calorie option perfect for breakfast or snacks. Aim for 0.8-1 gram of protein per pound of body weight to support your weight loss goals.
5. How can I create a balanced meal plan that includes these belly-fat-reducing foods?
Creating a balanced meal plan involves incorporating a variety of belly-fat-reducing foods into your daily meals. For breakfast, try oatmeal with berries and nuts. Lunch could be a grilled chicken salad with mixed greens, avocado, and olive oil dressing. A healthy snack option is Greek yogurt with a handful of almonds. Dinner could consist of baked salmon with roasted broccoli and quinoa. Ensuring each meal contains a mix of fiber, lean protein, and healthy fats will help you stay full, manage cravings, and reduce belly fat.
6. Are there any specific vegetables that are particularly effective at targeting belly fat?
Yes, certain vegetables are particularly effective at targeting belly fat due to their low calorie and high fiber content, along with essential vitamins and minerals. Leafy greens like spinach and kale are packed with nutrients and fiber, helping you feel full. Broccoli, a cruciferous vegetable, is rich in fiber and nutrients, reducing inflammation and supporting weight loss. Bell peppers are low in calories and high in vitamins and antioxidants. Incorporating these vegetables into your diet can significantly aid in belly fat reduction.
7. Besides diet, what lifestyle factors are crucial for reducing belly fat?
Besides diet, several lifestyle factors are crucial for reducing belly fat. Regular exercise, including both cardiovascular exercise and strength training, helps burn calories and build muscle. Stress management through techniques like meditation and yoga can reduce cortisol levels, preventing fat accumulation. Adequate sleep, aiming for 7-8 hours per night, is essential for hormone regulation and preventing cravings. Hydration, drinking plenty of water throughout the day, supports metabolism and reduces cravings for sugary drinks.
8. How important is exercise in reducing belly fat, and what types are most effective?
Exercise is extremely important in reducing belly fat. Both cardiovascular exercise and strength training are effective. Cardiovascular exercises like running, swimming, and cycling burn calories and reduce overall body fat. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity cardio per week. Strength training builds muscle mass, increasing metabolism and helping you burn more calories at rest. Incorporate strength training exercises at least two days per week for optimal results.
9. Are there any common myths about belly fat that I should be aware of?
Yes, there are several common myths about belly fat that you should be aware of. Spot reduction, the idea that you can target fat loss in a specific area, is a myth. Weight loss occurs throughout the body, not just in the belly. Not all carbs are bad; complex carbohydrates like whole grains, fruits, and vegetables are beneficial. Refined carbs like white bread and sugary drinks contribute to belly fat. Fasting, while effective for some, isn’t the best approach for everyone; it’s crucial to find a sustainable eating pattern that fits your lifestyle.
10. Where can I find reliable resources and expert advice on reducing belly fat?
Reliable resources and expert advice on reducing belly fat can be found at FOODS.EDU.VN. This website offers in-depth articles on health and nutrition topics, delicious and healthy recipes, and expert advice from registered dietitians and certified personal trainers. By joining the FOODS.EDU.VN community, you can connect with like-minded individuals, share tips, and receive ongoing support for your health and wellness goals. For personalized guidance and support, visit foods.edu.vn, or contact us at 1946 Campus Dr, Hyde Park, NY 12538, United States, or WhatsApp +1 845-452-9600.