Activating a food stamp card, also known as an EBT (Electronic Benefits Transfer) card, is the first crucial step toward accessing vital nutritional assistance. This comprehensive guide, brought to you by FOODS.EDU.VN, provides a simple, step-by-step process, ensuring you can swiftly and securely begin using your benefits for groceries and other eligible food items. With insights into managing your EBT account and leveraging its features, this guide covers essential aspects of food assistance, supplemental nutrition, and navigating SNAP benefits.
1. Understanding Your Food Stamp Card (EBT Card)
Before diving into the activation process, it’s essential to understand what your food stamp card (EBT card) is and its purpose. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), formerly known as food stamps, provides financial assistance to eligible low-income individuals and families to purchase groceries. Instead of paper coupons, benefits are now delivered via an EBT card, which functions similarly to a debit card.
1.1. What is an EBT Card?
An EBT card is a plastic card that allows recipients of SNAP benefits to access their monthly food allowance. It is used at authorized retailers to purchase eligible food items. The card contains a magnetic stripe or chip that stores the recipient’s account information and benefit balance. When you make a purchase, the amount is deducted electronically from your account.
1.2. Eligibility for SNAP Benefits
Eligibility for SNAP benefits varies depending on factors such as income, household size, and resources. Generally, to qualify, individuals and families must meet specific income and asset requirements set by the federal government. You can check your eligibility and apply for SNAP benefits through your local state agency.
1.3. Eligible Food Items
SNAP benefits can be used to purchase a wide variety of food items, including:
- Fruits and vegetables
- Meat, poultry, and fish
- Dairy products
- Breads and cereals
- Snack foods and non-alcoholic beverages
- Seeds and plants to grow food
However, SNAP benefits cannot be used to purchase non-food items such as:
- Alcoholic beverages
- Tobacco products
- Pet food
- Household supplies
- Hot, ready-to-eat meals (with some exceptions)
1.4. Common Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| SNAP | Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, a federal program providing food assistance to low-income individuals and families. |
| EBT | Electronic Benefits Transfer, the electronic system used to deliver SNAP benefits via a debit-like card. |
| Food Stamps | The former name for SNAP benefits. |
| Authorized Retailer | A store or market authorized by the USDA to accept EBT cards as payment for eligible food items. |
| Benefit Balance | The amount of SNAP benefits available on your EBT card at any given time. |
| EBT Card Freeze/Unfreeze | A security feature that allows you to temporarily block or unblock your EBT card to prevent unauthorized use. |
Understanding these terms and the basics of the EBT card is crucial for effectively managing your benefits. If you need more detailed information, visit FOODS.EDU.VN for comprehensive guides, tips, and resources on making the most of your SNAP benefits.
2. Step-by-Step Guide to Activating Your Food Stamp Card
Once you receive your EBT card, activating it is essential to access your SNAP benefits. The activation process typically involves a few simple steps. Here’s a comprehensive guide on how to activate your food stamp card:
2.1. Receiving Your EBT Card
After being approved for SNAP benefits, you will receive your EBT card in the mail. The card usually arrives within 7-10 business days after your application is processed. The envelope will contain the EBT card, instructions on how to activate it, and important information about your benefits.
2.2. Identifying the Activation Method
Most states offer multiple ways to activate your EBT card, including:
- Phone: Calling a toll-free number provided on the card or in the accompanying instructions.
- Online: Visiting a designated website and following the online activation process.
- In-Person: Visiting a local SNAP office or participating retailer and activating the card with assistance from a representative.
Check the instructions that came with your EBT card to determine the available activation methods in your state.
2.3. Gathering Required Information
Before you begin the activation process, gather the following information:
- EBT Card Number: The 16-digit number printed on the front of your EBT card.
- Personal Information: Your date of birth, Social Security number (or case number), and zip code.
- PIN Selection: Be prepared to create a Personal Identification Number (PIN) for your card. Choose a PIN that is easy for you to remember but difficult for others to guess.
2.4. Activating Your Card by Phone
If you choose to activate your card by phone, follow these steps:
- Call the Toll-Free Number: Locate the toll-free number provided on your EBT card or in the instruction packet and call it.
- Follow the Prompts: Listen carefully to the automated prompts and follow the instructions. You will typically be asked to enter your EBT card number and personal information.
- Create a PIN: When prompted, create a four-digit PIN. Enter the PIN and confirm it when asked.
- Confirmation: Once your card is activated, you will receive a confirmation message.
2.5. Activating Your Card Online
If you prefer to activate your card online, follow these steps:
- Visit the Website: Go to the website specified in the instructions that came with your EBT card.
- Create an Account: If you don’t already have an account, you may need to create one. Provide the required information, such as your EBT card number, personal details, and a username and password.
- Activate Your Card: Follow the on-screen instructions to activate your card. You will typically be asked to enter your EBT card number and create a PIN.
- Confirmation: Once your card is activated, you will receive a confirmation message on the website.
2.6. Activating Your Card In-Person
If you choose to activate your card in person, follow these steps:
- Visit a Local SNAP Office or Participating Retailer: Go to a local SNAP office or a participating retailer that offers EBT card activation services.
- Speak to a Representative: Inform the representative that you need to activate your EBT card.
- Provide Required Information: Provide the representative with your EBT card number and personal information.
- Create a PIN: The representative will assist you in creating a PIN for your card.
- Confirmation: Once your card is activated, the representative will confirm that it is ready for use.
2.7. Verifying Your Activation
After activating your EBT card, it’s essential to verify that it is working correctly. You can do this by:
- Checking Your Balance: Call the toll-free number or visit the website to check your benefit balance.
- Making a Small Purchase: Use your EBT card to make a small purchase at an authorized retailer to ensure it works properly.
2.8. Troubleshooting Activation Issues
If you encounter any issues during the activation process, such as incorrect information or technical difficulties, contact your local SNAP office or the EBT customer service hotline for assistance.
Activating your EBT card is a crucial step in accessing your SNAP benefits. By following these step-by-step instructions, you can ensure that your card is activated quickly and efficiently, allowing you to start using your benefits for groceries and other eligible food items. For more information and resources, visit FOODS.EDU.VN, where you can find detailed guides and tips on managing your SNAP benefits effectively.
3. Setting Up Your PIN (Personal Identification Number)
Setting up a Personal Identification Number (PIN) is a critical step in securing and using your EBT card. The PIN protects your benefits from unauthorized use and allows you to access your funds at authorized retailers and ATMs.
3.1. Importance of a Secure PIN
Your PIN acts as a password for your EBT card. It prevents unauthorized individuals from using your benefits if your card is lost or stolen. Therefore, it’s crucial to choose a PIN that is secure and easy for you to remember but difficult for others to guess.
3.2. Choosing a Strong PIN
When selecting a PIN, avoid using easily guessable numbers such as:
- Your date of birth
- Your Social Security number
- Your street address
- Repeating numbers (e.g., 1111, 2222)
- Consecutive numbers (e.g., 1234, 5678)
Instead, opt for a random four-digit number that you can easily recall. Consider using a significant date or number in your life, but avoid obvious choices.
3.3. How to Set Up Your PIN
Typically, you will set up your PIN during the EBT card activation process. Whether you activate your card by phone, online, or in person, you will be prompted to create a PIN. Follow the instructions provided and enter your chosen four-digit number. Confirm the PIN when asked to ensure accuracy.
3.4. Changing Your PIN
If you ever need to change your PIN, you can usually do so by:
- Phone: Calling the EBT customer service hotline and following the automated prompts to change your PIN.
- Online: Logging into your EBT account on the designated website and navigating to the PIN change section.
- In-Person: Visiting a local SNAP office and requesting assistance from a representative.
It’s a good practice to change your PIN periodically to maintain the security of your account.
3.5. What to Do If You Forget Your PIN
If you forget your PIN, you will need to reset it. The process for resetting your PIN typically involves:
- Contacting EBT Customer Service: Call the EBT customer service hotline and speak to a representative.
- Verifying Your Identity: You will be asked to provide personal information to verify your identity.
- Resetting Your PIN: The representative will guide you through the process of resetting your PIN. This may involve answering security questions or providing additional information.
Once your identity is verified, you can create a new PIN for your EBT card.
3.6. Tips for Remembering Your PIN
Here are some tips to help you remember your PIN:
- Associate it with Something Meaningful: Link your PIN to a memorable date, event, or number in your life.
- Write it Down Securely: If you need to write down your PIN, store it in a secure location away from your EBT card.
- Use a Password Manager: Consider using a password manager to store your PIN securely on your phone or computer.
However, avoid storing your PIN on your EBT card or sharing it with anyone.
3.7. Security Measures
Always take the following security measures to protect your EBT card and PIN:
- Never share your PIN with anyone.
- Do not write your PIN on your EBT card.
- Be cautious of phishing scams that attempt to obtain your PIN.
- Regularly check your EBT account for any unauthorized transactions.
Setting up and protecting your PIN is essential for securing your SNAP benefits. By following these guidelines, you can ensure that your EBT card remains safe and accessible. For more information and tips, visit FOODS.EDU.VN, where you can find detailed guides and resources on managing your SNAP benefits and maintaining your account security.
4. Checking Your EBT Card Balance
Knowing your EBT card balance is crucial for managing your SNAP benefits effectively. Regularly checking your balance helps you plan your grocery purchases and avoid declined transactions at the checkout.
4.1. Why It’s Important to Check Your Balance Regularly
Checking your EBT card balance regularly allows you to:
- Track Your Spending: Keep track of how much you’ve spent and how much you have left.
- Plan Your Grocery Trips: Plan your grocery purchases based on your available balance.
- Avoid Declined Transactions: Ensure you have sufficient funds before making a purchase to avoid the embarrassment of a declined transaction.
- Detect Unauthorized Activity: Identify any unauthorized transactions or discrepancies in your balance.
4.2. Methods for Checking Your EBT Card Balance
There are several convenient ways to check your EBT card balance:
- Online Portal: Access your EBT account through the online portal provided by your state’s EBT program.
- Mobile App: Download the EBT mobile app for your state and check your balance on your smartphone.
- Toll-Free Number: Call the toll-free number provided on your EBT card or in your benefit information packet.
- ATM: Use an ATM that accepts EBT cards to check your balance.
- Point of Sale (POS) Terminal: Check your balance at the point of sale terminal at authorized retailers before making a purchase.
4.3. Checking Your Balance Online
To check your EBT card balance online:
- Visit the Website: Go to the website specified by your state’s EBT program. This information is usually provided on your EBT card or in your benefit information packet.
- Log In to Your Account: Enter your username and password to log in to your account. If you don’t have an account, you may need to create one.
- Navigate to the Balance Inquiry Section: Once logged in, navigate to the balance inquiry section. This is usually located on the dashboard or main menu.
- View Your Balance: Your current EBT card balance will be displayed on the screen.
4.4. Checking Your Balance via Mobile App
To check your EBT card balance via a mobile app:
- Download the App: Download the EBT mobile app for your state from the App Store (iOS) or Google Play Store (Android).
- Log In to Your Account: Open the app and log in to your account using your username and password.
- View Your Balance: Your current EBT card balance will be displayed on the app’s home screen.
4.5. Checking Your Balance by Phone
To check your EBT card balance by phone:
- Call the Toll-Free Number: Call the toll-free number provided on your EBT card or in your benefit information packet.
- Follow the Prompts: Listen carefully to the automated prompts and follow the instructions. You will typically be asked to enter your EBT card number.
- Enter Your PIN: When prompted, enter your four-digit PIN.
- Listen to Your Balance: Your current EBT card balance will be read out to you.
4.6. Checking Your Balance at an ATM
To check your EBT card balance at an ATM:
- Find an ATM: Locate an ATM that accepts EBT cards. These ATMs usually have the EBT logo displayed on them.
- Insert Your Card: Insert your EBT card into the ATM.
- Enter Your PIN: Enter your four-digit PIN.
- Select “Balance Inquiry”: Choose the “Balance Inquiry” option on the ATM screen.
- View Your Balance: Your current EBT card balance will be displayed on the screen.
4.7. Checking Your Balance at a POS Terminal
To check your EBT card balance at a POS terminal:
- Inform the Cashier: Inform the cashier that you would like to check your EBT card balance.
- Swipe Your Card: Swipe your EBT card through the POS terminal.
- Enter Your PIN: Enter your four-digit PIN.
- Select “Balance Inquiry”: Choose the “Balance Inquiry” option on the POS terminal.
- View Your Balance: Your current EBT card balance will be displayed on the screen.
4.8. Tips for Keeping Track of Your Balance
Here are some tips to help you keep track of your EBT card balance:
- Record Your Purchases: Keep a record of your purchases to track your spending.
- Check Your Balance After Each Purchase: Check your balance after each purchase to know how much you have left.
- Set Up Balance Alerts: If available, set up balance alerts through the online portal or mobile app to receive notifications when your balance reaches a certain level.
- Use a Budgeting App: Consider using a budgeting app to track your spending and manage your SNAP benefits.
Regularly checking your EBT card balance is essential for managing your SNAP benefits effectively. By using one of the methods described above, you can stay informed about your balance and plan your grocery purchases accordingly. For more information and resources, visit FOODS.EDU.VN, where you can find detailed guides and tips on managing your SNAP benefits and making the most of your food assistance.
5. Using Your Food Stamp Card at Stores
Once your EBT card is activated and you know your balance, you can start using it at authorized retailers to purchase eligible food items. Understanding how to use your EBT card at stores is essential for a smooth and convenient shopping experience.
5.1. Finding Authorized Retailers
Authorized retailers are stores and markets that are approved to accept EBT cards as payment for eligible food items. These retailers typically display the SNAP or EBT logo prominently on their storefront or at the checkout.
You can find authorized retailers by:
- Using the SNAP Retail Locator: Visit the USDA website and use the SNAP Retail Locator to find authorized retailers in your area.
- Checking Your State’s EBT Website: Many states have a list of authorized retailers on their EBT website.
- Looking for the SNAP/EBT Logo: Look for the SNAP or EBT logo on the storefront or at the checkout of stores in your area.
5.2. Shopping for Eligible Food Items
When shopping with your EBT card, it’s important to select only eligible food items. SNAP benefits can be used to purchase a wide variety of food items, including:
- Fruits and vegetables
- Meat, poultry, and fish
- Dairy products
- Breads and cereals
- Snack foods and non-alcoholic beverages
- Seeds and plants to grow food
However, SNAP benefits cannot be used to purchase non-food items such as:
- Alcoholic beverages
- Tobacco products
- Pet food
- Household supplies
- Hot, ready-to-eat meals (with some exceptions)
5.3. Using Your EBT Card at the Checkout
To use your EBT card at the checkout:
- Inform the Cashier: Inform the cashier that you will be using your EBT card to pay for your purchase.
- Separate Eligible and Ineligible Items: If you are purchasing both eligible and ineligible items, separate them into two transactions. Pay for the eligible items with your EBT card and the ineligible items with another form of payment.
- Swipe Your Card: Swipe your EBT card through the point of sale (POS) terminal.
- Enter Your PIN: Enter your four-digit PIN.
- Confirm the Transaction: Confirm the transaction amount displayed on the POS terminal.
- Receive Your Receipt: Receive your receipt, which will show the amount deducted from your EBT card and your remaining balance.
5.4. Handling Cash Back
In some states, you may be able to receive cash back from your EBT card at authorized retailers. However, the availability of cash back varies by state and retailer.
If cash back is available:
- Inform the Cashier: Inform the cashier that you would like to receive cash back.
- Enter the Cash Back Amount: Enter the amount of cash back you would like to receive on the POS terminal.
- Complete the Transaction: Complete the transaction as usual. The cash back amount will be added to your purchase amount and deducted from your EBT card.
- Receive Your Cash: Receive your cash from the cashier along with your receipt.
5.5. Understanding EBT Card Policies
Be aware of the EBT card policies at different retailers. Some retailers may have specific rules or restrictions regarding the use of EBT cards. For example, some retailers may not allow cash back or may have a minimum purchase amount for EBT transactions.
5.6. Common Mistakes to Avoid
Here are some common mistakes to avoid when using your EBT card at stores:
- Purchasing Ineligible Items: Make sure to purchase only eligible food items with your EBT card.
- Forgetting Your PIN: Always remember your PIN before going to the store.
- Sharing Your PIN: Never share your PIN with anyone.
- Leaving Your Card Unattended: Always keep your EBT card secure and do not leave it unattended.
5.7. Reporting Issues
If you encounter any issues while using your EBT card at a store, such as a declined transaction or a dispute over eligible items, report the issue to your local SNAP office or the EBT customer service hotline.
Using your EBT card at stores is a straightforward process. By following these guidelines, you can ensure a smooth and convenient shopping experience. For more information and resources, visit FOODS.EDU.VN, where you can find detailed guides and tips on managing your SNAP benefits and making the most of your food assistance.
6. Common EBT Card Issues and Troubleshooting
While using your EBT card, you may encounter certain issues. Knowing how to troubleshoot these problems can help you resolve them quickly and efficiently.
6.1. Declined Transactions
A declined transaction can occur for several reasons. Here are some common causes and how to troubleshoot them:
- Insufficient Funds: Ensure that you have sufficient funds on your EBT card to cover the purchase. Check your balance before making a purchase.
- Incorrect PIN: Double-check that you are entering the correct PIN. If you’ve forgotten your PIN, you’ll need to reset it.
- Card Not Activated: Make sure that your EBT card has been properly activated. If not, follow the activation steps provided by your state.
- Card Expired: Check the expiration date on your EBT card. If it has expired, contact your local SNAP office to request a replacement.
- Retailer Not Authorized: Ensure that the retailer is authorized to accept EBT cards. Look for the SNAP or EBT logo.
- Technical Issues: Sometimes, technical issues with the POS terminal or the EBT system can cause a declined transaction. Try again later or use a different payment method.
6.2. Lost or Stolen EBT Card
If your EBT card is lost or stolen, take the following steps immediately:
- Report the Loss or Theft: Contact your local SNAP office or the EBT customer service hotline to report the loss or theft of your card.
- Request a Replacement Card: Request a replacement EBT card. You will typically need to provide your name, case number, and other identifying information.
- Change Your PIN: Once you receive your replacement card, activate it and change your PIN to prevent unauthorized use.
- Monitor Your Account: Monitor your EBT account for any unauthorized transactions. Report any suspicious activity to your local SNAP office.
6.3. Damaged EBT Card
If your EBT card is damaged and no longer working, contact your local SNAP office to request a replacement card. Provide them with the necessary information, such as your name, case number, and card number (if available).
6.4. Unauthorized Transactions
If you notice any unauthorized transactions on your EBT account, report them immediately to your local SNAP office. They will investigate the issue and may be able to restore the stolen benefits.
6.5. PIN Issues
If you’ve forgotten your PIN or are having trouble entering it correctly, contact the EBT customer service hotline for assistance. They can help you reset your PIN or provide troubleshooting tips.
6.6. Balance Discrepancies
If you notice any discrepancies in your EBT card balance, contact your local SNAP office or the EBT customer service hotline. Provide them with the details of the discrepancy and any relevant transaction information.
6.7. Card Freeze/Unfreeze Issues
Some states offer a card freeze/unfreeze feature, which allows you to temporarily block or unblock your EBT card to prevent unauthorized use. If you are having trouble freezing or unfreezing your card, consult the instructions provided by your state or contact the EBT customer service hotline for assistance.
6.8. Website or Mobile App Issues
If you are experiencing technical difficulties with the EBT website or mobile app, try the following troubleshooting steps:
- Clear Your Browser Cache and Cookies: Clearing your browser cache and cookies can sometimes resolve technical issues.
- Update the App: Make sure that you are using the latest version of the EBT mobile app.
- Try a Different Browser or Device: Try accessing the website or app using a different browser or device.
- Contact Technical Support: If the issue persists, contact the EBT customer service hotline for technical support.
6.9. When to Contact Customer Service
Contact your local SNAP office or the EBT customer service hotline for assistance with the following issues:
- Lost or stolen EBT card
- Damaged EBT card
- Unauthorized transactions
- PIN issues
- Balance discrepancies
- Card freeze/unfreeze issues
- Website or mobile app issues
Knowing how to troubleshoot common EBT card issues can save you time and frustration. By following these tips and contacting customer service when necessary, you can resolve most problems quickly and efficiently. For more information and resources, visit FOODS.EDU.VN, where you can find detailed guides and tips on managing your SNAP benefits and troubleshooting common EBT card issues.
7. EBT Card Security and Fraud Prevention
Protecting your EBT card and preventing fraud is essential to ensure you can continue to access your SNAP benefits without interruption. Here are some key security measures and fraud prevention tips to keep in mind:
7.1. Protecting Your PIN
Your PIN is the key to accessing your EBT benefits, so it’s crucial to keep it safe and secure. Here are some tips for protecting your PIN:
- Memorize Your PIN: Memorize your PIN and avoid writing it down.
- Don’t Share Your PIN: Never share your PIN with anyone, including friends, family members, or store employees.
- Choose a Strong PIN: Choose a PIN that is difficult to guess. Avoid using easily identifiable information such as your birthdate, Social Security number, or address.
- Change Your PIN Regularly: Change your PIN periodically to prevent unauthorized access.
- Be Cautious of Skimmers: Be cautious of skimmers, which are devices that can steal your PIN and EBT card information. Inspect the POS terminal or ATM before using it to ensure it hasn’t been tampered with.
7.2. Recognizing and Avoiding Scams
Scammers often target EBT cardholders with various schemes to steal their benefits. Here are some common scams to be aware of:
- Phishing Scams: Phishing scams involve sending fake emails or text messages that appear to be from your state’s EBT program or another government agency. These messages often ask you to provide your EBT card number, PIN, or other personal information. Never provide this information in response to an unsolicited email or text message.
- Card Skimming: Card skimming involves attaching a device to a POS terminal or ATM that steals your EBT card information and PIN. Always inspect the machine before using it to ensure it hasn’t been tampered with.
- Benefit Buying: Benefit buying involves selling your SNAP benefits for cash. This is illegal and can result in the loss of your benefits and criminal charges.
- Door-to-Door Scams: Door-to-door scammers may pose as EBT representatives and ask to see your card or PIN. Never provide this information to anyone who comes to your door uninvited.
7.3. Reporting Fraud
If you suspect that you have been a victim of EBT fraud, report it immediately to your local SNAP office or the EBT customer service hotline. Provide them with as much information as possible, including the date, time, and location of the incident, as well as any contact information you have for the scammer.
7.4. Monitoring Your Account
Regularly monitor your EBT account for any unauthorized transactions or discrepancies. You can do this by:
- Checking Your Balance: Check your balance regularly to ensure that it matches your spending.
- Reviewing Your Transaction History: Review your transaction history for any suspicious activity.
- Setting Up Alerts: Set up alerts through the EBT website or mobile app to receive notifications of any transactions or balance changes.
7.5. Keeping Your Card Safe
Keep your EBT card safe and secure to prevent it from being lost or stolen. Here are some tips for keeping your card safe:
- Store Your Card in a Safe Place: Store your EBT card in a safe place, such as your wallet or purse.
- Don’t Leave Your Card Unattended: Never leave your EBT card unattended in a public place.
- Be Aware of Your Surroundings: Be aware of your surroundings when using your EBT card at stores or ATMs.
- Report a Lost or Stolen Card Immediately: If your EBT card is lost or stolen, report it immediately to your local SNAP office or the EBT customer service hotline.
7.6. Additional Security Features
Some states offer additional security features to protect your EBT benefits, such as:
- Card Freeze/Unfreeze: This feature allows you to temporarily block or unblock your EBT card to prevent unauthorized use.
- Transaction Limits: This feature allows you to set limits on the amount of money that can be spent on your EBT card per transaction or per day.
Contact your local SNAP office or the EBT customer service hotline to learn more about these additional security features.
Protecting your EBT card and preventing fraud is essential for ensuring you can continue to access your SNAP benefits without interruption. By following these security measures and fraud prevention tips, you can keep your EBT card and benefits safe and secure. For more information and resources, visit foods.edu.vn, where you can find detailed guides and tips on managing your SNAP benefits and protecting yourself from fraud.
8. Advanced Tips for Managing Your EBT Card
Beyond the basics, there are several advanced tips that can help you manage your EBT card more effectively and maximize your SNAP benefits.
8.1. Planning Your Meals and Grocery Shopping
Planning your meals and grocery shopping can help you make the most of your EBT benefits and reduce food waste. Here are some tips for planning your meals and grocery shopping:
- Create a Meal Plan: Create a meal plan for the week based on your available ingredients and your family’s dietary needs.
- Make a Grocery List: Make a grocery list based on your meal plan. Stick to your list when you go to the store to avoid impulse purchases.
- Check Your Pantry and Refrigerator: Before you go to the store, check your pantry and refrigerator to see what you already have.
- Compare Prices: Compare prices at different stores to find the best deals on the items you need.
