The FDA has been investigating a possible connection between canine heart disease and certain diets, particularly grain-free dog food. It’s understandable to be concerned when you see headlines about pet food, as your dog’s health is a top priority. This article breaks down the FDA’s investigation, explains canine dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and provides information to help you make informed decisions about your dog’s diet.
Why is the FDA Investigating Grain-Free Dog Food and DCM?
The FDA’s investigation focuses on a potential link between canine dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and dogs consuming specific grain-free dog foods. These foods often contain legumes (peas, lentils, and other legume seeds) or potatoes as primary ingredients. The FDA initiated the investigation following reports of DCM in dogs who had been eating these diets for months or years. While DCM isn’t inherently rare in dogs, these reports were unusual because the disease occurred in breeds not typically prone to it.
Between January 1, 2014, and April 30, 2019, the FDA received 524 DCM reports (515 dogs, 9 cats), with most submitted after their initial public alert in July 2018. The actual number of affected pets is higher than 524, as some reports involved multi-pet households.
What is Canine Heart Disease (Dilated Cardiomyopathy – DCM)?
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a canine heart disease affecting the heart muscle, reducing its ability to pump blood effectively, often leading to congestive heart failure.
Certain breeds, particularly large and giant breeds, are predisposed to DCM, including Doberman Pinschers, Great Danes, Newfoundlands, Irish Wolfhounds, and Saint Bernards. Although less common in medium and small breeds, English and American Cocker Spaniels are also prone to this condition.
The FDA’s reports encompass various breeds, including those without a known genetic predisposition. Early reports from veterinary cardiologists indicated atypical cases in breeds like Golden Retrievers, Labrador Retrievers, Whippets, Bulldogs, and Shih Tzus, where the dogs consistently consumed grain alternatives in their diets, prompting the FDA to investigate further.
Is Grain-Free Dog Food Bad? Should You Be Concerned?
In the FDA’s July 2019 update on diet and canine heart disease, they analyzed the labels of dog food products reported in DCM cases. They checked if the foods were “grain-free” (defined as free of corn, soy, wheat, rice, barley, or other grains) and contained peas, lentils, chickpeas, beans, or potatoes (including sweet potatoes). The report indicated that over 90% of the reported foods in DCM cases were grain-free, 93% contained peas and/or lentils, and 42% contained potatoes/sweet potatoes.
It’s crucial to understand that, currently, there’s no definitive proof that these ingredients directly cause DCM in a broader range of dogs. However, dog owners should be aware of the FDA’s alert. The FDA is collaborating with veterinary cardiologists and nutritionists to understand the potential impact of grain-free diets on dogs.
The FDA’s July 2019 update listed dog food brands reported 10 or more times through April 30, 2019. Most reports involved dry dog food, but raw, semi-moist, and wet foods were also represented:
- Acana (67 reports)
- Zignature (64 reports)
- Taste of the Wild (53 reports)
- 4Health (32 reports)
- Earthborn Holistic (32 reports)
- Blue Buffalo (31 reports)
- Nature’s Domain (29 reports)
- Fromm (24 reports)
- Merrick (16 reports)
- California Natural (15 reports)
- Natural Balance (15 reports)
- Orijen (12 reports)
- Nature’s Variety (10 reports)
- Nutrisource (10 reports)
- Nutro (10 reports)
- Rachael Ray Nutrish (10 reports)
Lisa M. Freeman, DVM, Ph.D., DACVN, in the December 1st issue of the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, updated the research on DCM, emphasizing that the issue isn’t solely about grain-free diets. She referred to the suspected diets as “BEG” diets (boutique companies, exotic ingredients, or grain-free diets).
According to Freeman, the link between BEG diets and DCM might stem from ingredients used to replace grains in grain-free diets, such as lentils or chickpeas. It could also be attributed to other common ingredients in BEG diets, like exotic meats, vegetables, and fruits.
Freeman highlights that while an association exists between DCM and BEG diets, a proven causal relationship remains elusive, and other factors may be equally or more significant.
The FDA encourages pet owners to report suspected cases of diet-related DCM in dogs and cats through the Safety Reporting Portal.
Making Informed Decisions About Your Dog’s Diet
The most prudent approach to your dog’s dietary health is consulting your veterinarian. Together, you can evaluate the pros and cons of your dog’s current diet, determine whether grain-inclusive or grain-free options are suitable, and monitor for DCM signs if necessary. Consulting a veterinary nutritionist can also provide valuable insights. Remember that a balanced diet, regardless of whether it’s grain-free or includes grains, is vital for your dog’s overall health. Prioritize reputable brands, carefully consider ingredient lists, and always seek professional advice to ensure your dog receives the nutrition they need to thrive.
