Acana is one of sixteen dog food brands currently under scrutiny by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) due to a potential link to canine dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a type of heart disease. This article explores the concerns surrounding Acana and other “grain-free” dog foods, providing insights into the ongoing investigation and expert recommendations.
The FDA is investigating over 500 reports that suggest a correlation between “grain-free” dog foods and DCM. The agency has been issuing warnings about these diets, particularly those based on peas, lentils, or potatoes, since July 2018. In a recent statement, the FDA identified 16 specific brands, including Acana, that are most frequently named in these reports.
The brands identified by the FDA, ordered by the number of reported cases, are:
- Acana
- Zignature
- Taste of the Wild
- 4Health
- Earthborn Holistic
- Blue Buffalo
- Nature’s Domain
- Fromm
- Merrick
- California Natural
- Natural Balance
- Orijen
- Nature’s Variety
- NutriSource
- Nutro
- Rachael Ray Nutrish
Most of these reports involve dry dog food, though raw, semi-moist, and wet food formulations are also included. Despite the ongoing investigation, the FDA is not currently advising pet owners to change their dogs’ diets.
What the Experts Say
While the FDA investigation continues, veterinary cardiologists are already advising owners to reconsider feeding their dogs grain-free diets. Dr. Anna Gelzer, a veterinary cardiologist and professor at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, stated, “When a dog comes to us and we learn during the history that it’s on a grain-free diet, we advise switching to a non-grain-free diet. There’s no scientifically proven benefit to grain-free foods, so why take a chance?”
The Pet Food Institute, representing 98% of U.S. pet food manufacturers, acknowledges the complexity of the issue and is collaborating with nutritionists, veterinarians, and product safety specialists to understand the relationship between DCM and diet.
The Grain-Free Trend: A Marketing Ploy?
The rise of grain-free dog food appears to be driven by consumer demand for perceived healthier alternatives, rather than scientific evidence. Dr. Gelzer points out, “It didn’t come from the science side. If you think about wolves, they may ingest the contents of ruminant animals they preyed on, so they are certainly capable of eating grain. There’s no scientific reason for going without grain.”
Traditionally, food allergies in dogs are more commonly related to protein sources. Veterinarians often address these allergies by switching to foods with different protein sources. The concern with grain-free diets is that the substitutes used in place of grains, such as lentils, peas, and chickpeas, may be contributing to the development of DCM. However, the exact cause remains under investigation.
Symptoms and Breeds at Risk
One of the significant challenges with DCM is that dogs often don’t exhibit symptoms until the disease is advanced. Common symptoms include lethargy, exercise intolerance, and shortness of breath.
While DCM has historically been more prevalent in larger breeds like Great Danes and German Shepherds, recent cases have emerged in smaller breeds, such as Springer Spaniels and Beagles, raising concerns among veterinarians. The breeds most frequently reported to the FDA in connection with DCM include Golden Retrievers, mixed breeds, and Labrador Retrievers.
What to Do if You Feed Your Dog Acana or Other Grain-Free Food
If you are currently feeding your dog Acana or another grain-free dog food, it’s essential to consult with your veterinarian. They can assess your dog’s individual risk factors and advise on the best course of action. This may involve switching to a diet that contains grains.
Dr. Bruce Kornreich, a veterinary cardiologist at Cornell University, recommends switching to a brand “produced by a company with a long-standing history.” If your dog exhibits any symptoms of heart disease, such as decreased energy, coughing, or difficulty breathing, seek veterinary attention immediately.
Conclusion
The potential link between Acana and other grain-free dog foods and DCM is an evolving situation. While the FDA continues its investigation, consulting with your veterinarian is crucial for making informed decisions about your dog’s diet and health. The key takeaway is to prioritize a balanced diet based on scientific evidence and expert recommendations, rather than succumbing to marketing trends.
